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Shalom Aleichem (liturgy)
Shalom Aleichem ((ヘブライ語:שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם), "Peace be upon you") is a traditional song sung by Chassidic Jewish people every Friday night upon returning home from synagogue prayer. It signals the arrival of the Jewish Sabbath, welcoming the angels who accompany a person home on the eve of the Sabbath.
==Sources==
This liturgical poem was written by the kabbalists of Safed in the late 16th or early 17th century.〔It is first found in the ''Tikkune Shabbat'', published in Prague in 1641, according to B.S. Jacobson, ''The Sabbath Service'' (Sinai Publ'g, Tel-Aviv, English ed. 1981) page 123; M. Nulman, ''The Encyclopedia of Jewish Prayer'' (Aronson, NJ 1993) page 290; and A.Z. Idelsohn, ''Jewish Liturgy and its Development'' (NY, 1931) page 54.〕
According to a homiletic teaching in the Talmud, two angels accompany people on their way back home from synagogue on Friday night — a good angel and an evil angel. If the house has been prepared for the Shabbat ("the lamp has been lit, the table set, and his couch spread"), the good angel utters a blessing that the next Shabbat will be the same, and the evil angel is forced to respond "Amen". but if the home is not prepared for Shabbat, the evil angel expresses the wish that the next Shabbat will be the same, and the good angel is forced to respond "Amen".〔''Shabbat'' 119b.〕
The custom of singing Shalom Aleichem on Friday night before Kiddush is now nearly universal, despite the fact that certain rabbinical authorities have expressed misgivings. As has been noted by Rabbi David Bar-Hayim of Jerusalem, the 18th century Rabbi Jacob Emden in his Sidur Beth Ya’aqov prayer book pointed out many problems regarding this song (addressing requests to angels, expressions that do not make sense, etc.). A similar attitude to the singing of Shalom Aleichem is attributed to Rabbi Elijah, the Vilna Gaon. A further objection, Bar-Hayim explains, is that the song is based on a literal understanding of an Agadic (homiletic) statement (Babylonian Talmud Shabath 119b) which he views as misguided.〔http://machonshilo.org/en/eng/list-ask-the-rav/46-tphilla-and-brakhoth/446-sidur-nusah-eress-yisrael-davening-in-general-lkha-dodhi--shalom-alekhem〕 Most rabbis, however, do not accept these arguments.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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